Sheep shearing by machine. |
From the earliest ages the sheep has been a source of profit to farmers, artisans and merchants, and it's keeping and
rearing an important industry. As civilization progressed stage
by stage, and the manufacture of garments of wool displaced
those of skin, careful breeding began to improve the fleece,
and varieties among sheep became fixed in type. Later on, as
people became more settled in their occupations, cities were
built and demands for mutton increased, until at the present
day it is greater than the supply.
Wild sheep are by
nature timid, and flee at the slightest noise, which they
hear at a very great distance. Their strength and agility
enable them to spring among the most inaccessible rocks which
they seek for safety. In the evolution from wild to domestic
life many changes have taken place, but none more striking than
in personal safety. The domestic sheep has become so entirely
dependent on man that he could not exist without his care and
protection.
Sheep are so easily acclimated, that we
find them in the hottest and coldest climates. They attain
their greatest prosperity in the drier regions, and if forced
to subsist on wet lands certain ailments often affect them
that seriously interfere with their thrift, health and vigor.
As for food, they prefer the weeds of the fence corners to
the luxuriant herbage of rich fields, and the short, tender
shoots of a closely cropped pasture of the hills to the
maturer grasses of the lower and fertile levels.
Sheep
are very partial to salt, either as a part of their rations
or as a natural character of the land. Among the domestic
animals they are the most docile as well as most stupid, and
are utterly unable to protect themselves, even if the attacking
foes are physically their inferiors.
The fleecy
covering of the sheep is revealed by the microscope as
composed of cells which overlap each other like the scales of
a fish, and within is a hollow, full of marrow, forming the
canal of the coarser kinds of wool. In the very fine wools
this hollow is absent. This change has come as a result of
domestication and breeding. Among the important characteristics,
and by which wool is judged, are the following:
- The weight, or what each fiber can bear without breaking
- The density or the number of fibers to the square inch
- The length when uncurled and stretched out
- The elasticity or the quality of again curling up after having been stretched
- Color and brilliancy.
Although of many classes, for manufacturing purposes wool is
divided into two principal groups - combing wool that includes
the fine and short grades, and the carding wool that includes
the long and coarse grades.
The wool of sheep grows continuously throughout the year. If the feed is uniform and nutritious, a uniform quality of wool will be produced according to the breed of sheep. Anything which affects the health of the animal also affects the quality of the wool. During a period of sickness or scant rations, the wool may temporarily stop growing. When the animal recovers, or when better rations are fed, the wool begins growth again. However, as a result of this interruption, a weak spot is produced in the wool, which greatly decreases its strength and value for manufacturing purposes. Like a chain which is no stronger than its weakest link, so the strength of a wool fiber is determined by its weak spot.
The wool of sheep grows continuously throughout the year. If the feed is uniform and nutritious, a uniform quality of wool will be produced according to the breed of sheep. Anything which affects the health of the animal also affects the quality of the wool. During a period of sickness or scant rations, the wool may temporarily stop growing. When the animal recovers, or when better rations are fed, the wool begins growth again. However, as a result of this interruption, a weak spot is produced in the wool, which greatly decreases its strength and value for manufacturing purposes. Like a chain which is no stronger than its weakest link, so the strength of a wool fiber is determined by its weak spot.
Sheep shearing by hand. |
The washing of sheep in creeks is
entirely ineffective, and manufacturers now pay as good prices
for unwashed as for the so-called washed wool. Shearing is
performed once a year, as a rule, although in the southwest
it is done in both spring and autumn. Both hand and power
machines are used. On small farms where only a few sheep are
kept the hand shears are commonly used, but in large flocks
the clipping machine is economical, and on account of shortage
of labor, indispensable.
As soon as the fleece is removed, it should be spread on a folding box or table, the inside being downward. The sides of the fleece are overlapped, then the ends in a similar manner in the other direction. The fleece is folded up and tied in a neat roll, the smooth side of the roll only showing outward. No filth or tags should be rolled up with the wool. Such refuse always reacts against the seller. When the wool has been rolled up, it is next put in sacks awaiting shipment. As the fleeces are dropped in the sacks they are tramped down until each sack is full. The filled sacks are then stored in a dry place until sold.
As soon as the fleece is removed, it should be spread on a folding box or table, the inside being downward. The sides of the fleece are overlapped, then the ends in a similar manner in the other direction. The fleece is folded up and tied in a neat roll, the smooth side of the roll only showing outward. No filth or tags should be rolled up with the wool. Such refuse always reacts against the seller. When the wool has been rolled up, it is next put in sacks awaiting shipment. As the fleeces are dropped in the sacks they are tramped down until each sack is full. The filled sacks are then stored in a dry place until sold.
Managing sheep on a small family farm.
More About Raising Sheep for Meat:
- Greg Judy's Grass-fed Sheep Operation - Expert on grass feeding sheep.
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