Invented by Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre and introduced worldwide in 1839, daguerreotype was almost completely superseded by 1860 with new, less expensive processes
yielding more readily viewable images. In the late 20th century, there
was a revival of daguerreotype by a small number of photographers
interested in making artistic use of early photographic processes.
To make the image, a daguerrotypist would polish a sheet of silver-plated copper to a mirror finish, treat it with fumes that made its surface light sensitive, expose it in a camera
for as long as was judged to be necessary, which could be as little as a
few seconds for brightly sunlit subjects or much longer with less
intense lighting; make the resulting latent image on it visible by fuming it with mercury
vapor; remove its sensitivity to light by liquid chemical treatment,
rinse and dry it, then seal the easily marred result behind glass in a
protective enclosure.
Photographic Processes Series - The Daguerreotype
by The George Eastman Museum.
Daguerreotypes are normally laterally reversed—mirror images—because
they are necessarily viewed from the side that originally faced the
camera lens. Although a daguerreotypist could attach a mirror or reflective prism in front of the lens to obtain a right-reading result, in practice this was rarely done.
The use of either type of attachment caused some light loss,
somewhat increasing the required exposure time, and unless they were of
very high optical quality they could degrade the quality of the image.
Right-reading text or right-handed buttons on men's clothing in a
daguerreotype may only be evidence that it is a copy of a typical
wrong-reading original.
The experience of viewing a daguerreotype is unlike that of
viewing any other type of photograph. The image does not sit on the
surface of the plate, after flipping from positive to negative as the
viewing angle is adjusted, viewers experience an apparition in space, a
mirage that arises once the eyes are properly focused. Of course when
reproduced via other processes, this effect associated with viewing an
original daguerreotype will no longer be apparent. Other processes that
have a similar viewing experience are holograms on credit cards or Lippmann plates. Read more...
Daguerreotypes made during the Civil War era.
Mary Brice, 1853 |
Isadora Noe and Mary Christina Freeman, 1859. |
Edward J. Roye, 1856 |
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